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We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk cuatro Connection between dowry/bride rate (paid from the from inside the-laws and regulations out-of siblings, others about village and you may people) and you will wife’s status from the marital house (OLS)
4.step 3 Dialogue and you may robustness inspections
In deciding the new ladies’ updates in the marital home, the end result of your own net dowry (dowry minus bride to be rates) can get matter. Note that the level of deferred mehr is included on their own out-of the net dowry as former is not repaid except if separation happen and should not meet the requirements assets lead into relationships. The results advise that the fresh assets produced toward ount) promote their unique decision-and make strength and you can autonomy. Such confident contacts are not surprising while the the latest relationships of bride to be rates reduced during matrimony run restrict to those of dowry in the main estimations.
Possibly, a heightened age otherwise studies huge difference burada baДџlantД±lД± you are going to damage this new wife’s standing on relationship household. As well as ages improvement including training differences (replacing the latest husband’s age and you may degree) does not affect the fundamental effects, therefore the coefficients of these details commonly significant (Appendix Desk 9, Committee B).
The fresh new estimation process are constant of the replacement dowry and bride to be rate with internet dowry (Appendix Desk nine, Committee A beneficial)
One to you are going to argue that the amount of many years once the relationships are important since the end result out-of dowry (or bride-to-be rates) could be higher following relationship. And age while the ount out-of dowry (replacing woman’s ages within relationship) magnifies the beds base effectation of dowry from inside the ladies’ liberty but decrease its magnitude together with significance level from inside the ladies decision making (Appendix Desk 9, Committee C). This simply means one more substantial dowry advances the wife’s liberty within the the relationship house once relationship; however, the latest association is not rather influenced by the new passage through of ages since matrimony.
Zero measure of gender ideology is included however estimate on account of endogeneity inquiries. One you will believe introduction of these procedures can get weaken brand new association between dowry and you can ladies’ updates in the marital home. While we usually do not refuse the possibility that tastes and you will ideological thinking in regards to the gender connections commonly inherent and alter over the relationship life, this new quote process is actually repeated of the and additionally one or two strategies to own young man preference: the first changeable equals one to in the event the wife’s finest quantity of sons try greater than regarding daughters together with 2nd translates to one in the event the partner desires provide higher education so you’re able to sons rather than to daughters. Controlling to possess gender ideology does not considerably change the main estimation results (Appendix Desk nine, Panel D). Surprisingly, ladies decision-making are certainly of son liking. But not, it is negatively from the preference getting delivering advanced schooling to help you sons than daughters. A potential interpretation would be the fact very educated female may be facing gender inequality for the knowledge and stay so much more motivated in the marital house however, prefer which have alot more sons than simply daughters. It appears in keeping with certain current education indicating one to child liking is far more commonplace among extremely knowledgeable female rather than ignorant women inside the Southern area Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).