Your wallet is ready to go but you need your first Pascal account (PASA). Pascal was designed and written from scratch in the Pascal programming language without copying a line of code from any other project. The development team, led by Albert Molina, are mature, exceptional developers with proven track records of delivering high-quality software.

But how would one purchase a PASA using Pascal in the first place if one cannot obtain Pascal without a PASA? There are many methods – some finished and some unfinished – to obtain a first PASA which may be free depending on the method used. With a layer-2 implementation, Pascal’s scalability will be enhanced even further. More information on Pascal’s layer-2 specifications will be released shortly. 100% original codebase and architecture, unlike most other coins that just copy-pasted Bitcoin, Cryptonote or Ethereum.

This allows users to send and receive funds to and from their email addresses, social media monikers, business and brand name, etc. The only alternative left to the attacker is to collude with a miner to secretly mine the double-spend transaction. Since this class https://cryptolisting.org/ of attack is “industrial scale”, it’s beyond the domain of the ordinary thief but well within the risk-tolerance of everyday merchants. However, as always, transactions involving large amounts should always wait a commensurate number of block confirmations.

More details on the larger block size are given in the next section about the theoretical limit of transactions per second. The network throughput of Pascal and a traditional blockchain is similar because the net propagation speed is calculated based on the amount of bytes needed to communicate operations between nodes. The verification throughput of Pascal and a traditional blockchain are also similar. However, the blockchain throughput for Pascal is on an entirely different level thanks to Pascal’s larger block size and its differing mechanism for double spend protection.

For transactions of significant value, we recommend a reasonable number of confirmations before considering a payment as cleared. Pascal supports the full 3rd party integration capability including offline coldwallet operation signing. A “Transaction” in Pascal is a type of operation that transfers funds between accounts. • Smart contracts can be developed in any language and target any platform, since smart contract execution and consensus are separate concerns. • Since side-chains are pinned to PASAs, they are intrinsically sharded. Inter-shard communication would simply be transactions between PASAs.

  1. One would be able to run the entire global financial system on Pascal’s smart contract platform and it would scale infinitely and securely.
  2. When the new node starts participating in the network, it only has to download the latest checkpoint and several blocks, making it much more comfortable to use than other cryptocurrencies.
  3. As a result, the blockchain in Pascal is capable of being deleted without any security compromise.

Data-operations into the message-queue serve as « requests » and similarly, data-operation from the message-queue serve as « responses ». Since requests and responses contain data and monetary value, a monetized API system is created. Monetized APIs are already in deployment such as GetPasa.com, which receives requests containing a public key and responds by sending an account to that key. Similarly, an entire class of « smart-agent » applications are currently enabled by Pascal’s SafeBox architecture.

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The SafeBox security model actually offers an advantage compared to the full blockchain model in terms of security because it places far less dependence on the full blockchain history (i.e. archival nodes). In the long term, the full blockchain model would inevitably lead to some form of centralization as well as a potential security risk. As a result, the SafeBox security model is at least on par with the full blockchain security model on the macro level. The SafeBox preserves the cryptographic integrity of the full blockchain even though nodes are not required to store the full blockchain. That follows from the fact that the SafeBox contains all the block headers used to construct that SafeBox within the SafeBox itself.

Another unique feature of Pascal is that users are allowed to make one free transaction per block (i.e. every 5 minutes). This gives users 288 free transactions per day, a very reasonable number. The consensus rules simply enforce that a public key can have a maximum of one zero-fee transaction in a block (or memory pool) at any time.

Operation Object

And the SafeBox contains a checksum created as an aggregate hash of all Account Segment hashes. This value is known as the SafeBox Hash and is attached after the last Account Segment in the SafeBox. However, blocks in the blockchain are not directly linked to the previous blocks. Blocks are referencing the SafeBox Hash, that is linked to the previous block via the account segments stored in it.

This yields the 72,000 transactions per second as a theoretical limit. The infinite scalability of Pascal’s Layer-1 will extend to Pascal’s Layer-2 as well. This Layer-2 architecture is designed in which the computation is separate from consensus, in effect removing any pascal coin value bottleneck. To be precise, the speed and scalability of Layer-2 smart contracts are fully independent of Pascal’s network. Horizontal scaling also exists in this paradigm as there is no interdependence between smart contracts and states are not managed by side-chains.

Account Object

All other cryptocurrencies, blockchains and DAGs depend on their full and permanently growing histories. In the view of the author, such a dependency is a “genetic defect” of their architectures as it imposes a maximum viable usability age to their networks. To contain all the necessary data PascalCoin uses the SafeBox where it places all the current account balances and blocks connected as a blockchain. In the network of Pascalcoin, blocks are deletable past the checkpointing height of 100.

Each block header makes a hash commitment to the previous SafeBox state (i.e. the state of all accounts at that point in time) and also the previous block header. In this manner, the state and its evolution are preserved by using the difficulties in the block headers; the total work used to evolve that state can then be calculated. Pascal’s SafeBox architecture allows accounts to transfer data between themselves in a secure and private manner. This is possible due to the ability to attach a 256-byte payload to each transaction.

Public Key Object

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. The theoretical upper limit for Pascal’s total throughput is the minimum of the network throughput, verification throughput, and blockchain throughput. This minimum amounts to 72,000 transactions per second assuming the network and verification throughputs are infinite. In Pascal version 1, users could transfer PASC privately using a PASA-exchanging approach.